Modes of Transportation:

Maritime Shipping: Many commercial goods are transported by sea using container ships, bulk carriers, and other vessels. Containerization has revolutionized maritime shipping, allowing for efficient loading,unloading, and transportation of standardized containers.

Air Freight: Air cargo is used for time-sensitive and high-value shipments. It offers rapid delivery but is generally more expensive compared to maritime shipping.

Land Transport: Trucks and trains are commonly used for transporting cargo overland, connecting ports and distribution centers.

Containerization:
Standardized Containers: The use of standardized containers simplifies the loading, unloading, and transportation of goods. Containers can be seamlessly transferred between ships, trucks, and trains.

Advantages: Containerization reduces cargo handling costs, minimizes the risk of damage, and improves the overall efficiency of the shipping process.

Cargo Insurance:
Importance of Insurance: Shippers often use cargo insurance to protect against loss or damage during transit.
Types of Insurance: Different types of insurance, such as marine cargo insurance, provide coverage for various risks.
Technology in Cargo Shipping:
Tracking and Visibility: Technology, including GPS and tracking systems, provides real-time visibility into the location and status of cargo shipments.
Blockchain: Blockchain technology enhances transparency, security, and traceability in the supply chain.